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Don’t Get ‘Burned’ by Poor Fertilizer Application Timing This Summer

June 22, 2023

Don’t Get ‘Burned’ by Poor Fertilizer Application Timing This Summer

June 22, 2023
Introduction

It’s common knowledge that applying too much fertilizer containing high percentages of readily available nitrogen and water soluble nutrients can result in burn damage to plants, but did you know that damage can still occur even if your application rate is correct?  Applying the right product at the right rate, but at the WRONG time can have disastrous consequences.

 

Now that summer has arrived, soaring temperatures and mild to severe drought conditions are on everyone’s mind.  Situational awareness of your climate, current weather conditions, and region’s extended forecast, coupled with a little chemistry knowledge regarding the nature of ‘fertilizer salts’ will give your turf and ornamentals the best possible chance of flourishing during the summer months!

Turf experiencing drought stress.

What are ‘fertilizer salts’ and how do they affect plants?

Most of the raw materials found in a balanced fertilizer blend exist in salt form.  A salt is an ionic compound, which means it is comprised of smaller molecules with different charges.  If you remember your days of high school chemistry, opposites attract, so cations (ions with a positive charge) will bond to anions (ions with a negative charge).  If the charges are equal on both sides, they will cancel each other out to form a stable compound.  For example, muriate of potash, otherwise known as potassium chloride, has the formula KCl.  K+ has a charge of +1 and Cl- has a charge of -1.  Since the charges are equal and opposite, the final product is a stable salt that is commonly used as a fertilizing compound. 


One of the properties of many salts is their ability to be dissolved in water.  This property is critical for plant nutrient uptake.  However, many salts are also hygroscopic, which means they readily absorb and hold water in their dry forms.  In biology, salts can draw water out of cells.  The more salt there is in the vicinity of water, the stronger the pull.  In the presence of excessive fertilizer salts, severe plant cell damage and death can occur.  We commonly refer to this as ‘plant burn.’  This is the same burn that happens when fertilizer blends containing 100% readily available nutrients are overapplied.  

Plant burn due to over-applied fertilizer with 100% readily available nutrients.

Image Source: TheSpruce/ K. Dave

As a side note, many liquid fertilizer ingredients, as well as countless pesticide active ingredients also exist in salt form, and they too can cause the same kind of plant burn damage when misapplied. 

What ingredients in a fertilizer blend are considered salts?

Again, many of the most common ingredients in fertilizer blends exist as salts.  These include:

  • All macro, secondary, and micronutrient sulfates
  • Phosphates
  • Nitrates
  • Chlorides (i.e. ammonium nitrate, calcium sulfate, diammonium phosphate, etc)

Of note, urea is not considered a salt because it does not readily disassociate into cations and anions in solution, however urea can still damage plant cells because it is extremely hygroscopic.

What environmental conditions increase the risk of plant burn?

Prolonged heat and drought can create environments where fertilizer salts can be particularly damaging.  In general, the higher the concentration of fertilizer salts dissolved in water, the greater the burn hazard to both above and below ground tissues.  Above the ground, high concentrations of fertilizer salts that contact foliar tissues can lead to yellowing, browning, curling, and necrosis (this is true of both granular and liquid fertilizers).  Below the ground, when soils dry out, reconstituted salts tend to concentrate in pockets.  When roots encounter these pockets, the high concentration of salts in these pockets can damage localized root tissue and be transported through the roots and the vascular system to other plant tissues, causing additional damage along the way. 


When soils remain moist and plants are well hydrated, fertilizer salts pose no threat when applied at the correct rate using proper application practices.

LEFT: Turf damaged by fertilizer burn

RIGHT: Salt damage on quaking aspen

Image Sources: LEFT: John Orick, Purdue Agriculture, ag.purdue.edu

RIGHT: William Jacobi, Colorado State University, Bugwood.org

How to Avoid Fertilizer Salt Burn

Summer Application Tips:

  1. Read the entire fertilizer label and pay special attention to the application instructions section.
  2. Delay applications of fertilizers containing high percentages of salts and 100% readily available nutrients under extreme heat and drought conditions.
  3. Do not apply fertilizer to cool season grasses that have gone dormant under extreme heat and drought conditions.  Wait for temperatures to cool and regular rain to return to the forecast.
  4. Only apply fertilizer to treatment areas that can be readily irrigated.  For treatment areas dependent on natural irrigation, ensure a moderate rain event is likely within 48-72 hours of application.
  5. Use products with higher percentages of coated controlled release nutrients (i.e. polymer or sulfur coated products).  The coatings around these granules will help shield sensitive plant tissues from the hydroscopic nutrient cores.
  6. Use products supplemented in part or in whole with nutrients complexed with organic (carbon-based) sources to reduce exposure to fertilizer salts during times of extreme abiotic stress.  Examples include biosolids, composts, and various ‘meals’ (i.e. feather meal, soybean meal, etc).
  7. Incorporate specialty biologically-derived products such as humic substances, kelp extracts, and microbial metabolites in conjunction with a moderate reduction (10-20%) in the application rate of 100% readily available nutrients. These technologies are non-burning and gentler on plants during times of extreme abiotic stress and can assist with stress tolerance and recovery. 
For biologicals or fertilizers enhanced with biologicals including humic and AMP-XC™ products available, please visit TurfCare’s online Product Catalog.
 
For green industry professionals or others interested in ordering Turfcare products, please contact our Customer Service to find a distributor near you.

Photos:

Turf Care Supply - TurfReport Blog

April 18, 2025
Turf Care Supply, LLC, a portfolio company of Platte River Equity, has officially acquired Beaty Fertilizer, the industry respected Tennessee-based manufacturer and blender of custom granular and liquid fertilizers, as well as combination products. This strategic move expands Turf Care’s manufacturing footprint, adds new product capabilities, and enhances overall production capacity. “The partnership with Beaty Fertilizer marks a major milestone in our journey and an important step forward in our mission to grow, innovate and lead in our industry,” said Mark Mangan, President of Turf Care. “This acquisition is more than just expansion; it’s a powerful opportunity to strengthen our product offerings, broaden our market reach and provide greater value to our customers. By welcoming Beaty into the Turf Care family, we are reinforcing our commitment to excellence and positioning ourselves for an even brighter future.” “We are excited about this next step in the Beaty Fertilizer story. For almost 50 years, our family and our employees have worked hard to serve customers and communities with pride and heart,” said John Beaty, President of Beaty. “Now, we are embracing an opportunity for growth with Turf Care. With our combined know-how and resources, we’ll keep building on what we’ve worked so hard to create and bring even more value to our customers, employees and partners. We truly believe this partnership will keep the Beaty legacy going strong while opening up new doors for growth and innovation.” Tarun Kanthety, Vice President at Platte River, added, “We believe the acquisition of Beaty Fertilizer represents a strategic step in expanding Turf Care’s footprint and product breadth... as it scales and enhances its value proposition to customers.”
April 18, 2025
Root out Grubs, Before they Attack Yours! White grubs, the immature stage of several scarab beetles—including Japanese beetles, masked chafers, May and June beetles, and green June beetles—are a major threat to turfgrass across the Southeast. These beetles follow a complete metamorphosis (egg, grub, pupa, adult), with most species completing their cycle in one year. Eggs are laid in early summer, grubs hatch within two weeks, and begin feeding on turfgrass roots through the late summer and fall. May and June beetles differ slightly, with a two- to three-year life cycle and prolonged feeding as third-instar grubs. Grubs damage turf by severing roots, causing grass to yellow, wilt, or lift easily from the soil. Feeding is typically concentrated in patches and worsens during hot, dry weather. Wildlife digging for grubs can create further turf destruction. Healthy turf may tolerate 5–10 grubs per square foot, but damage becomes evident as populations rise or turf is under stress. Early detection and timing are essential. Scouting begins in late June, shortly after adult beetle activity peaks. Monitoring plants favored by beetles can signal egg-laying is underway. Treatment is most effective when small grubs are active—typically from mid-July through early August. For professional turfgrass managers, insecticides containing imidacloprid (Merit®), chlorantraniliprole (Acelepryn®), or trichlorfon (Dylox®) are the most effective tools. The primary months of preventative application of Acelepryn® is from April to end of May and Merit® from April into July - targeting grubs before they hatch. Curative treatments with Dylox® or similar products are applied July through the fall, when young grubs are feeding and most vulnerable. Always follow label directions for optimal application and safety. Timing may vary slightly by regional seasonal needs. Turf Care Supply has a variety of professional TCS Growstar insecticide fertilizers available to protect your turf and prevent grub damage, before it starts. Click on the button below to view products, contact your sales rep for addition TC Growstar products available.
October 9, 2024
Platte River Equity Portfolio Company Turf Care Supply, LLC Acquires Agri-Nutrients, Inc. Brunswick, OH , October 9, 2024 – Platte River Equity (“Platte River”) portfolio company Turf Care Supply, LLC (“Turf Care”) is pleased to announce its acquisition of Agri-Nutrients, Inc. (“Agri-Nutrients”), a manufacturer and blender of custom granular fertilizers for the turf & ornamental (“T&O”) industry. This strategic acquisition provides Turf Care with an established presence in the south-central United States, an enhanced product portfolio and additional manufacturing capacity. “This acquisition represents much more than a business transaction; it is a strategic step forward in expanding our reach and enhancing our customers’ growth. By bringing Agri-Nutrients into the Turf Care family, we are broadening our product portfolio, expanding our market presence and further positioning ourselves as a leader in providing innovative solutions for our customers,” said Mark Mangan, President of Turf Care. “We are excited about joining the Turf Care team,” said Jim Montgomery, President of Agri-Nutrients. “At Agri-Nutrients, our core values center around customer service and product innovation, and we are confident that this combination will allow us to better serve the needs of our customers.” “Platte River welcomes the Agri-Nutrients team to Turf Care. This transaction underscores our long-term commitment to fostering growth through both organic and inorganic initiatives across the Turf Care platform,” said Tarun Kanthety, Vice President of Platte River. “The partnership with Agri-Nutrients strengthens Turf Care’s value-added offering, creating additional growth opportunities across the combined customer base.” B&A Corporate Advisors served as the exclusive financial advisor to Agri-Nutrients. About Agri-Nutrients Founded in 1992 and based in Catoosa, OK, Agri-Nutrients is a manufacturer and blender of custom granular fertilizers for the T&O industry, predominantly selling into the lawn care, sports turf and golf course end markets. About Turf Care Supply Established in 1974, Turf Care Supply is one of the largest formulators and blenders of urea products to the T&O market. Turf Care has a comprehensive product portfolio of fertilizers, combination products (herbicide/insecticide), soil amendments and enhanced efficiency fertilizer ingredients. Turf Care's products are sold to distributors and blenders serving the commercial, residential and golf end markets. Turf Care operates four manufacturing facilities strategically located throughout the eastern U.S. About Platte River Equity Founded in 2006 and based in Denver, CO, Platte River Equity is a private equity firm focused on investments in established lower middle market operating companies within targeted industrial sectors where it has substantial operating and investing experience. Platte River utilizes prudent capital structures in order to invest in future growth opportunities and withstand changing economic environments. The firm also provides significant ongoing support to its portfolio companies through dedicated resources across functional areas. The firm has raised funds with committed capital in excess of $1.6 billion and is currently investing out of its fifth fund. The Platte River team is the largest collective investor across its funds, deeply aligning the firm with its investors and portfolio company management teams.
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